See sluga on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*sluga",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sluga",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*sluga"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sluga",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sluga.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "slúga",
"tags": [
"animate",
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "слу́га",
"links": [
[
"слу́га",
"слуга"
]
],
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "slȕškinja",
"links": [
[
"slȕškinja",
"sluškinja"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "slùginja",
"links": [
[
"slùginja",
"sluginja"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "slúga",
"links": [
[
"slúga",
"sluga#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slȗge",
"links": [
[
"slȗge",
"sluge#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sluge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slȗgū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slȗgā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slugama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sluge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slȗgo",
"links": [
[
"slȗgo",
"slugo#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sluge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "slugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slugama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slugom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slugama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slúga",
"2": "m-an",
"f": "slȕškinja",
"f2": "slùginja"
},
"expansion": "slúga m anim (Cyrillic spelling слу́га, female equivalent slȕškinja or slùginja)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"slu",
"ga"
]
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "97 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"servant"
],
"id": "en-sluga-sh-noun-KVryxVxx",
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/slǔːɡa/"
}
],
"word": "sluga"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "sluga",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "slug"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of slug:",
"definite singular"
],
"id": "en-sluga-sv-adj-uFJAlJKe",
"links": [
[
"slug",
"slug#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "slug"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of slug:",
"plural"
],
"id": "en-sluga-sv-adj-x7PYcUtJ",
"links": [
[
"slug",
"slug#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "sluga"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "sluhá",
"word": "слуга́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "sluhá",
"word": "слуга́"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "sluhá",
"word": "слуга́"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "slugá",
"word": "слуга́"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "sluga",
"word": "слуга"
},
{
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"roman": "sluga",
"word": "слоуга"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "zle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "sluga",
"word": "ⱄⰾⱆⰳⰰ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "sluga",
"word": "слоуга"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "slugá",
"word": "слуга́"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "sluga",
"word": "слуга"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "слу́га"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "slúga"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "slúga"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "zls"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "sluha"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "slúha"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "sługa"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "suga"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "sługa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "słëga"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "zlw-pom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "sluha",
"word": "слуга"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "sluha"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "sluha"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "zlw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "szolga"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "slugă"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*sulhainën"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro:*sláugas<unc:1><ety:der<ine-pro:*slew->>",
"4": ":af",
"5": "*-a<id:feminine suffix><unc:1>",
"6": ":af",
"7": "*sluti<unc:1>",
"8": "*-ga<unc:1>",
"id": "servant"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*slew-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*sláugas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"feminine suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-a\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱlew-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*sluti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gʰe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ga\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*sluga\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"servant\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*sluga\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_servant\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "slaugà",
"3": "",
"4": "servitude, assistance"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian slaugà (“servitude, assistance”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "abstract noun"
},
"expansion": "(abstract noun)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*slougos",
"3": "",
"4": "troop, military regiment"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *slougos (“troop, military regiment”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*sláugas",
"4": "",
"5": "adherent?"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *sláugas (“adherent?”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-a"
},
"expansion": "*-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*slew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to proceed, to adhere to"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *slew- (“to proceed, to adhere to”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sluti",
"3": "*-ga",
"t1": "to call"
},
"expansion": "*sluti (“to call”) + *-ga",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱlew-",
"t": "to listen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to listen”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cliēns",
"3": "",
"4": "customer, companion"
},
"expansion": "Latin cliēns (“customer, companion”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Disputed:\n* Zubatý, Brückner: Cognate with Lithuanian slaugà (“servitude, assistance”) (abstract noun) and probably Proto-Celtic *slougos (“troop, military regiment”); per Matasović, a collective deadjectival from an earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic *sláugas (“adherent?”) + *-a < perhaps Proto-Indo-European *slew- (“to proceed, to adhere to”). Favoured by Vasmer, Machek, Snoj. A century ago, some scholars (Mikkola, Šakhmatov) even ventured to consider an early borrowing from Celtic (even though there is no single undisputed borrowing from Celtic into Proto-Slavic).\n* Mladenov, Ondruš: Native formation from *sluti (“to call”) + *-ga, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to listen”). Akin to Latin cliēns (“customer, companion”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "slūgà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slũdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "slũgъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slūdzě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgǫ̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slũdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgòjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slũgǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgàmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slūdzě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slugo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "slũdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "*slūgà"
},
"expansion": "*slūgà m",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sluga",
"ap": "b",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sluga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a (feminine suffix)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ga",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "help, assistance",
"translation": "help, assistance",
"word": "posluga"
},
{
"english": "service force (collectively)",
"translation": "service force (collectively)",
"word": "prisluga"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "slugyni"
},
{
"word": "služenьje"
},
{
"english": "service",
"translation": "service",
"word": "služьba"
},
{
"english": "to serve",
"tags": [
"causative"
],
"translation": "to serve",
"word": "služiti"
},
{
"english": "to serve",
"tags": [
"factitive"
],
"translation": "to serve",
"word": "slugovati"
},
{
"english": "favour, service",
"translation": "favour, service",
"word": "usluga"
},
{
"english": "merit",
"translation": "merit",
"word": "zasluga"
}
],
"glosses": [
"servant, attendant"
],
"id": "en-sluga-sla-pro-noun-FvKi3iSD",
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"attendant",
"attendant"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "slime",
"translation": "slime",
"word": "sluzь"
},
{
"english": "moulding",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"translation": "moulding",
"word": "sluda"
},
{
"english": "moulding",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"translation": "moulding",
"word": "sludy"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
]
}
],
"word": "sluga"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "help, assistance",
"translation": "help, assistance",
"word": "posluga"
},
{
"english": "service force (collectively)",
"translation": "service force (collectively)",
"word": "prisluga"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "slugyni"
},
{
"word": "služenьje"
},
{
"english": "service",
"translation": "service",
"word": "služьba"
},
{
"english": "to serve",
"tags": [
"causative"
],
"translation": "to serve",
"word": "služiti"
},
{
"english": "to serve",
"tags": [
"factitive"
],
"translation": "to serve",
"word": "slugovati"
},
{
"english": "favour, service",
"translation": "favour, service",
"word": "usluga"
},
{
"english": "merit",
"translation": "merit",
"word": "zasluga"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "sluhá",
"word": "слуга́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "sluhá",
"word": "слуга́"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "sluhá",
"word": "слуга́"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "slugá",
"word": "слуга́"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "sluga",
"word": "слуга"
},
{
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"roman": "sluga",
"word": "слоуга"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "zle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "sluga",
"word": "ⱄⰾⱆⰳⰰ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "sluga",
"word": "слоуга"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "slugá",
"word": "слуга́"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "sluga",
"word": "слуга"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "слу́га"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "slúga"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "slúga"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "zls"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "sluha"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "slúha"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "sługa"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "suga"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "sługa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "słëga"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "zlw-pom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "sluha",
"word": "слуга"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "sluha"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "sluha"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "zlw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "szolga"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "slugă"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*sulhainën"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro:*sláugas<unc:1><ety:der<ine-pro:*slew->>",
"4": ":af",
"5": "*-a<id:feminine suffix><unc:1>",
"6": ":af",
"7": "*sluti<unc:1>",
"8": "*-ga<unc:1>",
"id": "servant"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*slew-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*sláugas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"feminine suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-a\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱlew-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*sluti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gʰe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ga\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*sluga\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"servant\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*sluga\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_servant\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "slaugà",
"3": "",
"4": "servitude, assistance"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian slaugà (“servitude, assistance”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "abstract noun"
},
"expansion": "(abstract noun)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*slougos",
"3": "",
"4": "troop, military regiment"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *slougos (“troop, military regiment”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*sláugas",
"4": "",
"5": "adherent?"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *sláugas (“adherent?”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-a"
},
"expansion": "*-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*slew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to proceed, to adhere to"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *slew- (“to proceed, to adhere to”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sluti",
"3": "*-ga",
"t1": "to call"
},
"expansion": "*sluti (“to call”) + *-ga",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱlew-",
"t": "to listen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to listen”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cliēns",
"3": "",
"4": "customer, companion"
},
"expansion": "Latin cliēns (“customer, companion”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Disputed:\n* Zubatý, Brückner: Cognate with Lithuanian slaugà (“servitude, assistance”) (abstract noun) and probably Proto-Celtic *slougos (“troop, military regiment”); per Matasović, a collective deadjectival from an earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic *sláugas (“adherent?”) + *-a < perhaps Proto-Indo-European *slew- (“to proceed, to adhere to”). Favoured by Vasmer, Machek, Snoj. A century ago, some scholars (Mikkola, Šakhmatov) even ventured to consider an early borrowing from Celtic (even though there is no single undisputed borrowing from Celtic into Proto-Slavic).\n* Mladenov, Ondruš: Native formation from *sluti (“to call”) + *-ga, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to listen”). Akin to Latin cliēns (“customer, companion”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "slūgà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slũdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "slũgъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slūdzě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgǫ̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slũdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgòjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slũgǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgàmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slūdzě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slugo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "slũdzě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "slūgỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "*slūgà"
},
"expansion": "*slūgà m",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sluga",
"ap": "b",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sluga",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "slime",
"translation": "slime",
"word": "sluzь"
},
{
"english": "moulding",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"translation": "moulding",
"word": "sluda"
},
{
"english": "moulding",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"translation": "moulding",
"word": "sludy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱlew-",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a (feminine suffix)",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ga"
],
"glosses": [
"servant, attendant"
],
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"attendant",
"attendant"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
]
}
],
"word": "sluga"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*sluga",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sluga",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*sluga"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sluga",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sluga.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "slúga",
"tags": [
"animate",
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "слу́га",
"links": [
[
"слу́га",
"слуга"
]
],
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "slȕškinja",
"links": [
[
"slȕškinja",
"sluškinja"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "slùginja",
"links": [
[
"slùginja",
"sluginja"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "slúga",
"links": [
[
"slúga",
"sluga#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slȗge",
"links": [
[
"slȗge",
"sluge#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sluge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slȗgū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slȗgā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slugama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sluge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slȗgo",
"links": [
[
"slȗgo",
"slugo#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sluge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "slugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slugama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "slugom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "slugama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slúga",
"2": "m-an",
"f": "slȕškinja",
"f2": "slùginja"
},
"expansion": "slúga m anim (Cyrillic spelling слу́га, female equivalent slȕškinja or slùginja)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"slu",
"ga"
]
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian animate nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine animate nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic"
],
"glosses": [
"servant"
],
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/slǔːɡa/"
}
],
"word": "sluga"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish adjective forms",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish non-lemma forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "sluga",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "slug"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of slug:",
"definite singular"
],
"links": [
[
"slug",
"slug#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "slug"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of slug:",
"plural"
],
"links": [
[
"slug",
"slug#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "sluga"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sluga meaning in All languages combined (15.4kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1896",
"msg": "Template nesting error: template_nesting = 1 couldn't split inflection templates, sluga/Serbo-Croatian section declension",
"path": [
"sluga"
],
"section": "Serbo-Croatian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "sluga",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.